Chapter 32 Endnotes

 1 H. Kenaston Twitchell to Senator Alexander Smith, 21 October 1948.

 2 News Chronicle, 5 November 1948.

 3 Der Kominformplan fur West-Deutschland (Kurier, Berlin), 15 January 1948. Also published by the British Foreign Office, 26 January 1948.

 4 New World News,September 1948.

 5 Austin and Konstam, pp. 174-6.

 6 Gudrun Egebjerg to Buchman, 4 December 1949.

 7 Buchman, p. 172.

 8 Duncan Corcoran to Buchman, 12 March 1949.

 9 Buchman, p. 172.

10 'Communism in the British Zone', FO 371/64874. The report itself is still not available.

11 Hubert Stein, speaking in Oslo at a conference of European Socialists in the headquarters of the Building Workers' Union, 26 April 1953.

12 Artur Sträter, speaking on 25 November 1950.

13 Leif Hovelsen: Ali Verden Venter (Oslo, 1958). Hovelsen was confined in Grini, the notorious Nazi concentration camp in Norway, where he first met Moral Re-Armament. In his book and in an unpublished report, The Struggle for Post-War Europe: Germany between East and West (January 1962), Hovelsen gives an eye-witness account of these years. His book was published in English under the title Out of the Evil Night (Blandford, 1959).

14 Geoffrey Daukes to author, 19 February 1983.

15 Frank Buchman-Eighty, p. 119.

16 ibid., p. 117.

17 Hovelsen, Out of the Evil Night, p. 70.

18 Max Bladeck to Buchman, 31 October 1949.

19 Manchester Guardian, 8 February 1950.

20 Konrad Adenauer to Buchman, 28 April 1950.

21 Buchman, pp.177-84.

22 Essener Allgemeine Zeitung, 29 May 1950.

23 Frank Buchman-Eighty, p. 118.

24 Hovelsen, Out of the Evil Night, p. 110.

25 Hovelsen, The Struggle for Post-war Europe, p. 19.

26 For example, in a talk at Bonn to Ruhr miners who had taken their play Hoffnung through the Ruhr and were about to take it on a world tour, 4 November 1959.

27 25 January 1949.

28 Müller-List, 'Eine neue Moral für Deutschland?', Das Parlament, 31 October 1981, p.15.

29 ibid., p. 19.

30 ibid., pp. 20, 21.

31 Johnson, p. 584.

32 Müller-List, 'Kampf um die Mitbestimmung', Das Parlament, 25 April 1981.

33 Müller-List, 'Eine neue Moral für Deutschland?' p. 20.

34 ibid., p. 20.

35 Sydney Cook to Buchman, 28 March 1952.

36 Müller-List, 'Eine neue moral für Deutschland?', p. 15.

37 Martin's eye-witness account in MSS.

38 New York Times, 7 January 1951. A paper in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, according to Price (research report for 1981), puts the proportion at two-thirds.

39 Caux transcripts, 8 June 1948.

40 ibid., 3 September 1948.

41 ibid., 27 September 1950.

42 ibid., 27 September 1948.

43 ibid., 23 September 1951.